{"id":20357,"date":"2025-03-28T15:25:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-28T14:25:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/centraleuropeanacademy.hu\/?post_type=hir&p=20357"},"modified":"2025-06-18T15:33:47","modified_gmt":"2025-06-18T13:33:47","slug":"rafal-wielki-cross-border-crime-and-migration-are-the-subject-of-joint-research-by-scientists-from-opole-and-hungary","status":"publish","type":"hir","link":"https:\/\/centraleuropeanacademy.hu\/en\/hir\/rafal-wielki-cross-border-crime-and-migration-are-the-subject-of-joint-research-by-scientists-from-opole-and-hungary\/","title":{"rendered":"Rafa\u0142 Wielki: Cross-border crime and migration are the subject of joint research by scientists from Opole and Hungary\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

https:\/\/radio.opole.pl\/611,246,przestepczosc-transgraniczna-i-migracyjna-temate<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Transcript<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 1 00:00 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dr Rafal Wielki from the Institute of Legal Studies at the University of Poland today with me in the studio. Doctor, we’re going to talk about Polish-Hungarian cooperation, but dealing with a very important issue, especially in these times that we have, which is what’s happening in terms of cross-border crime, but also migration crime. I think there are a lot of these threads.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 2 00:21 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Definitely yes, these threads are very many, because we are dealing with many crimes that occur at one time, we are dealing with a very dynamic situation that is dependent in many ways on social, economic, political conditions, so there is a lot to talk about.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 1 00:40 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Well, that’s right, but here we are going to look at it from a scientific angle, because you are collaborating with scientists from Hungary in this case.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 2 00:48 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I have the pleasure to work in such a Polish-Hungarian project, which is organised by the Central European Academy in Budapest, where we meet as Polish and Hungarian researchers, we exchange different views when it comes to the legal situation in these two countries, but we also look more broadly at such a European context.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 1 01:13 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

On the European context, because the Schengen Area has made us to approach this problem of borders quite differently. I know that this Schengen Area has been around for many years now, but this migration crisis that we have had for the last 4-5 years, I think it has increased cross-border criminal activity even more.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 2 01:36 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Definitely yes. We’ve had big quantitative changes up until today, because, first of all, there are a lot of migrants again. Previously we had this first wave around 2015. Now we have another wave of migrants, which is also important, the direction from in which these people are coming is changing, as it were. I mean, we have a growing problem in Europe related to border protection in the eastern part of Europe. And here we are mainly concerned with the Polish borders.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 1 02:14 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Polish border, and the eastern part is for obvious war reasons, although it’s not always so obvious, because there on the eastern border we have other problems quite a lot.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 2 02:26 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are quite a lot of these problems, and of course the war naturally causes a large part of the population, especially the Ukrainian population, to try to get across the Polish border largely legally, so we deal with the problem of illegal border crossing first of all, of course. However, we also have a problem, especially on the Polish-Belarusian border, with migrants often arriving from areas distant from both Poland and Belarus, such as the Middle East. Well, and here many studies indicate that we are actually dealing with political inspiration from the Belarusian regime. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 1 03:11 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

And we will return to this conversation. Dr Rafa\u0142 Wielki from the Institute of Legal Studies at the University of Opole is my guest in the Radio Opole studio all the time. We are talking about the scientific project you are carrying out together with scientists from Hungary, but we have also touched upon a very important topic which touches everyone and, I think, concerns all Poles as well, i.e. our eastern border, and I do not even mean the eastern Polish border with Ukraine, because there, as you mentioned a few minutes ago, the vast majority of legal border crossings take place, it is more about what happens on the eastern border with Belarus, because we have a lot of migrants there, not from Belarus, not from Ukraine, but from remote parts of Asia.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 2 04:06 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

And we are starting to see such a trend that somewhere this eastern border of Poland is starting to be such, let’s say, a place of interest for illegal migrants, but this is also related to the fact that when it comes to illegal migration, very often organised crime groups get involved. It is always the case that where there are some kinds of social or economic crises, organised criminal groups also try to take advantage of this, and they simply profit from this, not only from attempts to illegally cross the border and smuggle people in. There are a lot of other issues related to this, because very often these kinds of points are used to get new routes through which to trade drugs, weapons and so on.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 1 05:02 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Well only looking from the perspective of the Belarusian regime, it is for them, I emphasize, for them a win-win situation and not only for them, because through this behaviour criminal groups win, because they can profit from this at the expense of human lives, while the Belarusian regime probably has no intention to interfere with all this, because this leads to a certain destabilization also in Poland, the Polish-Polish war, which we also hear about many times.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 2 05:32 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

True, these kinds of movements may indicate that other governments are aiming here to destabilize the situation both in Poland and in this part of Europe. However, it is important to try here, and this is what we are also trying to do in this project, to have some common ground. So that this migration policy, not only in Poland, but in fact we are talking here about the Visegrad countries and the entire European Union, so that this policy is simply consistent and these security measures are effective.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 1 06:08 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Well, because we can’t forget that it’s not just a Polish border, it’s a European border.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 2 06:15 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yes, we are actually a country with quite a large area, so we are responsible for security in very many places in this eastern part of the European Union.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 1 06:24 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Because the Czechs don’t have such a border. Very few countries in Europe in general have borders with the rest of the continent.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 2 06:34 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

That is true, although here it is also a big problem that in the case of illegal migration of cross-border crime, not only land borders are used, but also, for example, sea borders. Although we also have to deal more than once with trying to smuggle some goods by air, because that also happens.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 1 06:57 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We will return to this conversation with Dr Rafa\u0142 Wielki from the Institute of Legal Studies at Opole University in a moment. Polish and Hungarian scientists are working together to research cross-border, migratory crime, and this is the topic I am discussing today in the programme \u2018Science Bez Fikcji\u2019 on Radio Opole with Dr Rafa\u0142 Wielki from the Institute of Legal Sciences – what conclusions you have after this research with scientists from Hungary.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 2 07:21 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main conclusions are that crime and these different migratory waves that are occurring are causing a qualitative change in terms of crime. Not necessarily quantitative, because sometimes it is very common to use such simplifications that migrants cause an increase in crime and so on. It is not such a simple matter. This is what we are trying to explain and we are looking primarily at this qualitative context. What we are talking about here is that more and more crimes related to human trafficking, for example, are being recorded in Europe. Moreover, more and more often, the problem has usually been trafficking in human beings, either in relation to women or children. On the other hand, it is more and more often the case that the victims of human trafficking are men, whether they are young or of working age. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 1 08:10 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is only here that I would elaborate on what is behind the statement human trafficking, because we often hear the phrase but not everyone understands it.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 2 08:19 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Well, what we are talking about here is usually a situation where somebody’s freedom is taken away in some way, usually in order to be used for some kind of forced labour or, for example, for illegal sexual activities, or, unfortunately, there is also the problem of human trafficking in connection with the need to obtain human organs on the black market.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 1 08:44 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

That sounds scary, but it happens all the time in Europe?  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 2 08:48 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

It happens all over the world, unfortunately even in developed countries we have this problem. But on what scale is it? It’s very difficult to study it since we don’t really know about many victims of trafficking. This is because these victims very rarely report such cases at all. And most of the time, we only really succeed when we break up a criminal group. Then we are able to obtain a little more information on the subject. Here, however, the United Nations is working in this direction, and in Europe the European agency Frontex, which is responsible for border security, is of great importance. So quite a few such research groups are also being set up here to clarify these issues.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 1 09:39 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

My understanding is that it all starts with someone wanting to flee, let’s say, from the Middle East and he gets offered, I don’t know, a job or something and he doesn’t know what he’s agreeing to at first, yes?  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 2 09:51 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Our research shows that there is a large group of migrants who don’t know about this, but there is also quite a large group who nevertheless consciously decide to cross the borders illegally, because we have to note that also crossing, especially from such distant points as, let’s say, Syria or Afghanistan, because just in Europe a lot of people of these nationalities show up when it comes to illegal migration. It should be remembered that getting to Europe is also not a small cost, so it seems to me that not everyone can afford it, and paradoxically they may also be wealthy people.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 1 10:32 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

We return to the conversation with Dr Rafa\u0142 Wielki from the Institute of Legal Studies at the University of Opole, and we talk about the results of a study about Polish and Hungarian researchers on illegal border crossing, the migration crisis across the European Union. I wanted to come back to these results of your research. We’ve already talked about human trafficking, but still what conclusions have you drawn from this research.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 2 11:02 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

What we have noticed is that while there is an increase in the number of detections of illegal border crossings across the European Union – and there are such waves, this was particularly evident in 2015, now after the outbreak of war in Ukraine, of course such a wave has also appeared somewhere – but we are talking about illegal border crossings, because what is different is legal migration. Here we are dealing with criminal behaviour. The problem that we have noticed is that despite, for example, the fact that more cases are being detected, not that many people are subsequently removed from the European Union. Well, inevitably, if someone is found to have committed a crime, the aim is to expel that person from the European Union. Here we have observed that somewhere there is a problem with the efficiency of the whole administrative system, and it seems that here we should place particular emphasis on this.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 1 12:08 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I’ve heard of cases like this, that often the expulsion from a country is that someone gets a letter that they have to leave, I don’t know, the European Union or the country on their own. Well, it’s well known that such a migrant who has got in illegally is suddenly not going to want to just leave the country on their own at will, I don’t know if that’s an exclusive case or if it’s actually a problem as well.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 2 12:31 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A lot of these kinds of implementation issues really depend on the individual EU states. Each country may approach it a little bit differently. Recently, we have heard about Polish cases, where here, however, in cooperation with foreign partners, there was simply a physical movement of some group of criminals, but there are so many problems here, it is such a complex topic, that we could actually develop these threads for a very long time.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 1 13:00 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

And this is, among other things, one of the results of your cooperation, yes?  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 2 13:06 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of the results of our cooperation, although the Central European Academy in Budapest also deals with many other issues, because here, for example, the research topics are also related to law, but we also focus in these projects, for example, on the law of the European Union, to generally look at international law from the perspective of Central European countries. This is not necessarily only about Western countries, but also about those countries, very often from the former Eastern Bloc, which are also developing and creating their regulations.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaker 1 13:42 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thank you very much for the interview. My guest was Dr Rafa\u0142 Wielki from the Institute of Legal Studies at the University of Poland. We talked about Polish-Hungarian cooperation on scientific, cooperation on crime related to illegal border crossing. Thank you very much for the conversation. <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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